Anti-Social Behaviour

Request Number: FOI/15910

Category: Incident and Crime Statistics - Antisocial Behaviour

Subject: Anti-Social Behaviour

Request and Answer: 
Your request for information below has now been considered. In respect of Section 1(1)(a) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) We can confirm that the Police Service of Northern Ireland does hold the information you have requested however it is estimated that the cost of complying with your request for information would exceed the “appropriate costs limit” under Section 12(1) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and this will be further explained below. PSNI have followed the Information Commissioner’s Office guidance ‘Requests where the cost of compliance exceeds the appropriate limit’ in relation to this request, which also provides further detail on the application of Section 12 (1) of the FOIA. This guidance is available on the ICO website at the following link:
ico.org.uk/for-organisations/foi/guide-to-managing-an-foi-request/charging-a-fee-and-cost-limits/

Request 
I am requesting daily-level data on Anti-Social Behaviour (ASB) incidents, crimes, and related police and court outcomes covering the years 2002 to 2025.
The data currently available on data.police.uk is aggregated monthly, but for research purposes, daily data is necessary to analyze the temporal relationship between national football matches and subsequent hate crimes, particularly in relation to players of colour in UK national football teams.
The dataset should include:

Question 1
Date of each incident or crime.

Question 2
Type/category of offence.

Question 3
Outcome of police or court process where applicable.

Question 4
Location data (if possible within privacy regulations).

Please provide the data in a machine-readable format, such as CSV or Excel.
 
Answer
Section 17(5) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 requires the Police Service of Northern Ireland, when refusing to provide such information (because the cost of compliance exceeds the appropriate limit) to provide you the applicant with a notice which states that fact.

It is estimated that the cost of complying with your request for information would exceed the “appropriate costs limit” under Section 12(1) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000. Section 12 of FOIA allows a public authority to refuse to deal with a request where it estimates that it would exceed the appropriate limit to either comply with the request in its entirety or confirm or deny whether the requested information is held. The estimate must be reasonable in the circumstances of the case. The ‘appropriate limit’ is currently £600 for central government and £450 for all other public authorities including PSNI. The relevant Regulations which define the appropriate limit for section 12 purposes are The Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulation 2004 SI 2004 No 3244. These are known as the ‘Fees Regulations’ for brevity.

Regulation 4(3) of the Fees Regulations states that a public authority can take into account the costs it reasonably expects to incur in carrying out the following permitted activities in complying with the request:

(i) determining whether the information is held;
(ii) locating the information, or a document containing it;
(iii) retrieving the information, or a document containing it; and
(iv) extracting the information from a document containing it.

Under those regulations PSNI can calculate the time spent on each of these permitted activities at £25 per hour (thus if the activity(s) takes more than 18 hours PSNI will be in excess of the ‘appropriate limit’).

When a public authority is estimating whether the appropriate limit is likely to be exceeded, it can include the costs of complying with two or more requests if the conditions laid out in Regulation 5 of the Fees Regulations can be satisfied. Those conditions require the requests to be: 

• made by one person, or by different persons who appear to the public authority to be acting in concert or in pursuance of a campaign; 
• made for the same or similar information; and 
• received by the public authority within any period of 60 consecutive working days. 

Regulation 5(2) of the Fees Regulations requires that the requests which are to be aggregated relate “to any extent” to the same or similar information. This is quite a wide test but public authorities should still ensure that the requests meet this requirement.

Enquiries made in relation to your request has identified that retrieval of information to respond to your request would exceed the FOI legislative cost of 18 hours as set by the Secretary of State.

PSNI does not hold data for all outcomes prior to April 2015, so this would require a manual trawl of all crime records for 13 years; there are around 1.5 million recorded crimes between January 2002 and March 2015.  To provide daily level information on recorded crimes and anti-social behaviour from 1st January 2002 in the same format as what PSNI upload to the Police.uk crime map would be over cost.  To do this monthly takes around 90 minutes.  While there are some ‘economies of scale’ for doing several months together, this process still takes a long time.  Recently, PSNI resumed uploads to Police.uk following the data breach, and it still took approximately 15 hours to process the two years of missing data.  Using this as a time estimate, it would take around 160 hours to process all of the information requested, this puts your request grossly over the cost limits set out in FOIA.

In accordance with the Freedom of Information Act 2000, this letter should be considered as a Refusal Notice, and the request has therefore been closed. 

Advice and assistance
You may wish to submit a refined request in order that the cost of complying with your request may be facilitated within the ‘appropriate limit’. In compliance with Section 16 of the Act, we have considered how your request may be refined to bring it under the appropriate limit. 

We may be able to retrieve all the daily level ASB incident and crime data listed, except the outcomes, within cost however, any follow up request will likely attract exemption(s).

Submission of a refined request would be treated as a new request, and considered in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act 2000, including consideration of relevant Part II exemptions.